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Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack · Model answer

Why did the Welfare Approach in Human Geography emerge as a significant perspective in 1970s?

  • UPSC 2025
  • Perspectives in Human Geography

The welfare approach is that stream of human geography which makes inequality in human well-being its organising problem — asking not where activities locate, but how the good and bad things of life are distributed across territory, and whether that distribution is just.

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What the full answer covers

  • Disciplinary Cause I: The Exhaustion of Spatial Science and the Collapse of Value-Neutrality
  • Disciplinary Cause II: The Relevance Debate of 1969–74
  • Societal Cause: Civil Rights, the Urban Crisis and the Rediscovery of Poverty
  • Philosophical Cause: Welfare Economics, Rawlsian Justice and Territorial Justice
  • Data and Policy Cause: Social Indicators and a State that Needed Maps
  • The Approach Itself: Distribution Replaces Location
  • …and 2 more sections, with a conclusion

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