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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

“What mattered in 1789-and what made men revolutionary almost in spite of themselves- was the whole revolutionary situation’; and in producing that situation the work of the philosophers played no very important role.” Comment in about 200 words.

  • UPSC 1985
  • Origins of Modern Politics

The claim separates structural causation from ideological causation, arguing that bankruptcy and social crisis, not the philosophes, made 1789 happen.

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  • Yet ideas cannot be dismissed entirely

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