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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

What kind of changes were visualised by historians on Indian feudalism? Examine critically.

  • UPSC 2012
  • Early Medieval India, 750-1200

Beyond the definitional question of whether the word "feudalism" itself fits, the Indian feudalism school made a specific set of substantive claims about what actually changed in the post-Gupta centuries — in the structure of political power, the shape of the economy, the fortunes of towns and trade, the standing of the peasantry, and, less…

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What the full answer covers

  • Political Change: The Fragmentation of Sovereignty
  • Economic Change: Ruralisation and the "Closed" Village Economy
  • Decline of Trade and Urban Centres
  • Subjection of the Peasantry
  • Social Change: Caste Reordering and New Social Groups
  • Reading the Debate as a Whole

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