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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

What are the distinguishing components of the debate on “The Eighteenth Century”?

  • UPSC 2008
  • The Eighteenth Century

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Unlike a question asking for a personal characterisation, this one asks for the architecture of the historiographical debate itself — the distinct positions historians have staked out in explaining eighteenth-century India, and the fault lines that separate them.

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What the full answer covers

  • Component One: The "Dark Age" Thesis versus the Continuity/Revisionist Thesis
  • Component Two: Empire-Centric versus Region-Centric Approaches to Decline
  • Component Three: Economic Stagnation versus Regional Prosperity
  • Component Four: Internal Collapse versus External Conquest
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