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Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Underline the socio-cultural factors responsible for India’s skewed sex-ratio.

  • UPSC 2021
  • 10 marks
  • Population Dynamics

India's sex ratio at birth — 929 in NFHS-5 (2019–21) and 917 for 2021–23 in the Sample Registration System — sits well below the biological norm of roughly 950 female births per 1,000 male births. Neither biology nor poverty explains the gap. It is produced by cultural arrangements governing descent, marriage, ritual and property, each…

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions.

What the full answer covers

  • Descent and residence: the daughter as a transfer out
  • The marriage economy: dowry and hypergamy
  • Ritual and religious grounds for son preference
  • Inheritance in practice, not in law
  • The modern amplifiers: fewer children, better technology
  • Conclusion

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