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PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

What is UNCLOS? Explain its salient features.

  • UPSC 2026
  • 15 marks
  • United Nations

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The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), signed at Montego Bay on 10 December 1982, entered into force on 16 November 1994; Cambodia's ratification in February 2026 brought it to 172 parties, the European Union included, though not the United States. Tommy Koh, the conference president, called it "a constitution for…

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of the PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions.

What the full answer covers

  • Maritime zones measured from baselines
  • The Area and the common heritage
  • Compulsory dispute settlement
  • Environment and new frontiers
  • Significance for India
  • Conclusion
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