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PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Map the different types of ethnic conflicts that have emerged in 21st century India.

  • UPSC 2026
  • 15 marks
  • Caste, Religion and Ethnicity in Indian Politics

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Understood broadly, ethnicity covers religion, language, tribe, region and caste, as James Manor uses the term for India. In the twenty-first century, secessionist wars have given way to more varied contests over land, lists, jobs and the definition of the nation.

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What the full answer covers

  • A typology
  • Cross-cutting drivers
  • Reading the map
  • Conclusion
PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions

PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions

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