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Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Trace the trajectory of development perspectives on social change.

  • UPSC 2022
  • Social Change in Modern Society

Change is a value-neutral concept; development is value-laden — the deliberate, desired and directed movement of a whole social system towards goals it has chosen. How sociology has imagined that movement has itself changed decisively: from growth, to structure, to capability, to sustainability and finally to a suspicion of the idea itself.

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions.

What the full answer covers

  • Stage one — modernisation and the market-oriented view (1950s–60s)
  • Stage two — the structural turn: dependency and world-systems (1960s–70s)
  • Stage three — bringing the state back in (1980s)
  • Stage four — from income to capability, and beyond
  • Conclusion

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