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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

‘The writings of the philosophers had a tremendous influence on the minds of the people and created a revolutionary awakening in their minds and formed the intellectual creed of the French Revolution.’ Comment.

  • UPSC 2005
  • Origins of Modern Politics

The philosophes of eighteenth-century France did not merely comment on their society — they supplied the very vocabulary of rights, reason, and sovereignty in which the Revolution came to understand and justify itself.

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What the full answer covers

  • Building the Intellectual Creed
  • The Necessary Qualifications
  • Reconciling Influence with Causation

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