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Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack · Model answer

“The welfare face of geography makes it an inter disciplinary subject.” Elaborate.

  • UPSC 2015
  • Perspectives in Human Geography

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The welfare face of geography is that orientation, crystallised by David M. Smith in Human Geography: A Welfare Approach (1977), which reconstitutes the discipline around distribution, access and human well-being rather than around location, production or areal description.

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What the full answer covers

  • The Welfare Face Defined: The Shift to "Who Gets What, Where, and How"
  • Smith's Five-Stage Programme: The Engine of Border-Crossing
  • The Disciplines Welfare Geography Borrows From
  • Welfare Economics — the language of distribution
  • Moral and Political Philosophy — the criteria of justice
  • Sociology and Social Anthropology — identifying the "who"
  • …and 8 more sections, with a conclusion
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