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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

The Vaishnava Bhakti tradition of the fifteenth century contributed to the flourishing of provincial literature. Discuss with appropriate examples.

  • UPSC 2022
  • The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth Century: Political History

Vaishnava bhakti — devotion to Vishnu, chiefly through his Krishna and Rama avatars — intensified sharply from the fifteenth century, and its literary consequence was pan-Indian rather than confined to any one region.

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What the full answer covers

  • Eastern India: Bengali, Maithili, Oriya, Assamese
  • Western India: Rajasthani and Gujarati
  • The Deccan and South India: Kannada and the Telugu-Tamil Background
  • North India: Hindi — Braj and Awadhi
  • Maharashtra: The Marathi Varkari Tradition
  • Mechanisms: How Bhakti Drove Literary Flourishing

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