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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

‘The Treaty of Versailles was merely an armistice for twenty years.’ Comment.

  • UPSC 1993
  • World Wars

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The remark, attributed to French Marshal Ferdinand Foch on hearing the terms of 1919, reads the Treaty of Versailles not as a genuine peace but as a pause imposed by exhaustion, one bound to expire once Germany recovered its strength.

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What the full answer covers

  • Foch's Own Diagnosis: Too Soft to Last
  • A Peace That Punished Without Permanently Weakening
  • Enforcement Without Will
  • The Missing Guarantors
  • Hitler's Exploitation of the Interval
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