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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

The Swadeshi movement of 1905 anticipated many of the tactics that were later developed during the Gandhian mass movement. – Critically examine.

  • UPSC 2024
  • Early Indian Nationalism

The Swadeshi Movement (1905-1911), born out of resistance to Curzon's partition of Bengal, was the most successful of the pre-Gandhian mass movements and pioneered a repertoire of techniques later associated with Mahatma Gandhi.

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What the full answer covers

  • Boycott as the Shared Foundational Weapon
  • Constructive Swadeshi and Atmashakti: The Ancestor of the Constructive Programme
  • National Education as Institution-Building Outside Colonial Structures
  • Mass Mobilisation Through Volunteers, Vernacular and Popular Culture
  • Where the Parallel Breaks Down
  • A Narrow, Regionally and Socially Confined Base
  • …and 1 more sections, with a conclusion

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