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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

“The supremacy of USA after the end of Cold War had its challenges as well.” Critically examine.

  • UPSC 2023
  • Disintegration of the Soviet Union and the Rise of the Unipolar World

American unipolar supremacy after 1991 was real, but it was never uncontested — from its first decade onward, structural limits and self-inflicted costs steadily narrowed the gap between apparent and actual dominance.

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What the full answer covers

  • The Costs of Military Overreach
  • Economic Vulnerability Beneath the Surface
  • Erosion of Moral and Institutional Authority
  • The Slow Emergence of Rival Poles
  • Conclusion

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