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Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack · Model answer

“The nature as we know it is socially produced and that nature has not been ‘natural’ for a very long time.” Comment.

  • Environmental Geography

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The idea of "nature" as a pristine, autonomous realm untouched by human hands — wild, self-regulating, and existing independently of society — has long served as the foundational assumption of environmental thought and popular imagination alike. Yet the history of human civilisation is, simultaneously, a history of the progressive transformation, reorganisation, and ideological reconstruction of…

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What the full answer covers

  • Part I — The theoretical case: nature as socially produced
  • A. Raymond Williams: "The Idea of Nature" (1980)
  • B. Neil Smith: "Production of Nature" — Uneven Development (1984)
  • C. Karl Marx and John Bellamy Foster: metabolic rift
  • Part II — Empirical evidence: nature has not been natural for a very long time
  • Part III — Convergence of thinkers across traditions
  • …and 4 more sections, with a conclusion
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