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Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack · Model answer

“The majority of migrants go only a short distance.” Explain with examples.

  • UPSC 2026
  • Population and Settlement Geography

The statement is the first of the laws of migration set out by Ernst Georg Ravenstein in 1885 and 1889 from the birthplace tables of the 1871 and 1881 censuses of England and Wales, Scotland and Ireland, where most movement was into an adjacent county rather than to London.

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What the full answer covers

  • The mechanism: why distance suppresses movement
  • The evidence
  • Judgement

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