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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

“The Indus Civilization had an abrupt end.” Discuss the statement and explain how the Indus Civilization could influence Indian culture in its later history.

  • UPSC 1988
  • Indus Valley Civilization

Whether the Indus Civilization ended in a sudden catastrophe or faded out over generations is more than an archaeological detail — it determines whether the transition to the succeeding Vedic and Chalcolithic world is read as a rupture or as a continuum. The balance of evidence today favours continuum over rupture: the mature Harappan phase…

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What the full answer covers

  • Testing the "Abrupt End" Thesis
  • Channels of Survival: How a Slow End Preserved a Culture
  • Religious and Iconographic Continuities
  • Craft and Material Continuities

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