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Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack · Model answer

“The Heartland Theory is gaining importance once again.” Comment.

  • UPSC 2017
  • Models, Theories and Laws

Halford Mackinder advanced the pivot thesis in 1904 and sharpened it in 1919 into the dictum that command of East Europe leads to command of the Heartland, the World Island and ultimately the world.

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  • Evidence That It Is Gaining Importance
  • Reasons for Caution

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