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Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack · Model answer

“The global demographic landscape is evolving with rapid population growth in some places and rapid ageing in others.” Elucidate with examples.

  • UPSC 2025
  • Population and Settlement Geography

Demographic divergence — a split into two demographic worlds at opposite ends of one transition — is the reality behind the statement: 8.2 billion people (2024), a global TFR near 2.25 nearing replacement, more than half of all countries below 2.1 (UN DESA).

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of the Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack.

What the full answer covers

  • The Growth Pole: Africa's Wide Base and Population Momentum
  • Why Fertility Stays High Here
  • The Ageing Pole: Shrinking Populations in East Asia and Europe
  • East Asia
  • Europe
  • India as the Hinge: Both Poles Inside One Country
  • …and 2 more sections, with a conclusion

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