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Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack · Model answer

The discussions between Hartshorne and Schaefer in the 1950s changed the course of geography as a discipline. Explain. (15 Marks)

  • 15 marks
  • Perspectives in Human Geography

The debate sparked in the 1950s between Richard Hartshorne and Fred K. Schaefer represents the single most consequential methodological rupture in twentieth-century geography. Initiated by Schaefer’s posthumous 1953 paper in the Annals of the Association of American Geographers, titled "Exceptionalism in Geography: A Methodological Examination", this clash assaulted the reigning orthodoxy of Hartshorne’s The Nature…

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What the full answer covers

  • Introduction: Context and Thesis
  • 1. The Core Intellectual Fault Lines: Chorology vs. Spatial Science
  • 2. Systematic Comparison of the Competing Positions
  • 3. Schaefer’s Critique: The Charge of "Exceptionalism"
  • 4. How the Debate Changed the Course of Geography
  • A. Ignition of the Quantitative Revolution (QR)
  • …and 6 more sections, with a conclusion

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