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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

‘The discovery of the new world, coinciding with the swift diffusion of printed books, taught the Europeans that ”Truth”, in Bacon’s noble phrase, “is the daughter not of authority, but of time.'” Comment in about 200 words.

  • UPSC 1989
  • Enlightenment and Modern Ideas

Two shocks — one geographical, one technological — combined to erode Europe's inherited trust in ancient and ecclesiastical authority as the sole source of truth.

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