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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

The Arya Samaj “did not, however, succeed in capturing the imagination of modern India as a whole.” Comment.

  • UPSC 1998
  • Social and Religious Reform Movements in Bengal and Other Areas

The Arya Samaj, founded by Swami Dayananda Saraswati in 1875, was among the most energetic socio-religious reform movements of colonial India, yet its reach never became genuinely pan-Indian.

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What the full answer covers

  • Geographical Concentration
  • Rigid Vedic Exclusivism and Alienation of Devotional Traditions
  • Militant Tactics, Social Conservatism, and Limited Political Engagement
  • Competition from Rival Reform Movements

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