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PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Comment in 150 words Substantive Democracy.

  • UPSC 2018
  • 10 marks
  • Democracy

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Substantive democracy tests a democracy by what it does for people: the equality, rights and dignity citizens actually enjoy. Correct procedure is not enough on this view. It answers Joseph A. Schumpeter's minimalism (Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy, 1942), which treats democracy as a method in which elites compete for votes.

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PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions

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