Unlock Elite Access: Level Up Your Preparation with Exclusive Content

PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

How did the struggle for representation increase the level and quality of democracy in the industrial societies? (150 words)

  • UPSC 2012
  • 12 marks
  • Politics of Representation and Participation

Unlock the full answer · ₹1,770 ↓

In industrial societies the vote was won, not granted. Göran Therborn argued (1977) that democracy arose from working-class struggle against propertied resistance, often clinched by the mass mobilisation of war, and Dietrich Rueschemeyer, Evelyne Huber Stephens and John D. Stephens (Capitalist Development and Democracy, 1992) found organised labour the most consistently pro-democratic force. That struggle…

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of the PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions.

What the full answer covers

  • The struggle
  • Raising the level of democracy
  • Raising its quality
  • Limits
  • Conclusion
PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions

PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions

Unlock this answer and 1,393 more

  • 1,394 solved UPSC PSIR PYQs from 1991 to 2026, Paper-1 and Paper-2
  • Topic-wise across all 40 syllabus units
  • A full model answer for every question
  • Read online on lotusarise.com, plus PDF download
  • 500 days of access from the day you enrol

₹1,770₹5,00064% off

Get PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions @ ₹1,770 →

One-time payment · No subscription · Instant access · UPI, cards, RuPay

See every Politics of Representation and Participation question (39 solved) →Already enrolled? Log in