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PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Critically examine the roots of Afghan Civil War. What role the Soviet Union and the United States played in it?

  • UPSC 2002
  • Changing International Political Order

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Afghanistan's civil war, from the communist coup of 1978 through the mujahideen infighting of 1992–96 to Taliban rule, is often told as a superpower story. Barnett R. Rubin (The Fragmentation of Afghanistan, 1995) offers a sharper frame: a rentier state living on foreign aid broke apart once rival patrons armed rival Afghans. The roots were…

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What the full answer covers

  • Domestic roots
  • The Soviet role
  • The American role
  • Critical assessment
  • Conclusion
PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions

PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions

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