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Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Rising “ethnocentrism” is leading to conflict in our society. Assess this statement with appropriate reasons.

  • UPSC 2021
  • 20 marks
  • Social Movements in Modern India

William Graham Sumner coined ethnocentrism in Folkways (1906): the habit of taking one's own in-group as the centre of everything and rating every out-group with reference to it. The statement asserts a causal chain — intensifying in-group preference producing conflict. Indian evidence supports the association, but ethnocentrism is better read as the idiom in which…

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions.

What the full answer covers

  • Getting the concept right
  • The case for the statement
  • Why the causal claim does not hold
  • What actually converts sentiment into conflict
  • Conclusion

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