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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

Revolutions, whether in Russia (1917) or in China (1949), are a disastrous way of transforming a country. Comment.

  • UPSC 2021
  • Revolution and Counter-Revolution

Judged purely by human cost, both the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the Chinese Revolution of 1949 produced catastrophic suffering, yet reducing either to simple "disaster" overlooks the structural transformations each achieved that gradualist alternatives had repeatedly failed to deliver.

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What the full answer covers

  • The Case for "Disastrous"
  • The Case Against an Uncritical "Disastrous" Verdict
  • Weighing the Comment

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