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Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack · Model answer

Poor quality of urban planning in India is a huge constraint in realizing the true economic potentials of urbanization. Critically examine.

  • UPSC 2023
  • Regional Development and Planning

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Edward Ludwig Glaeser argues that density is productive — cities raise output through labour-market pooling, better job-to-worker matching and knowledge spillovers, and that restrictive height and land-use regulation, studied with Joseph Gyourko, is what converts that potential into unaffordable housing and sprawl instead. On this reading, planning quality decides whether agglomeration gains are realised at…

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