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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

Political extremism in colonial India often converged with cultural nationalism but not always. – Comment.

  • UPSC 2024
  • Rise of Gandhi and the Gandhian Era

Political extremism, emerging around 1905 as a rejection of Moderate constitutionalism, frequently drew its emotional and organisational energy from cultural nationalism — the revival of religious symbols, festivals, and historical memory — but the relationship was neither automatic nor universal.

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What the full answer covers

  • The Case for Convergence: Extremism Wrapped in Cultural Idiom
  • The Case Against Convergence: Secular and Non-Religious Extremism
  • Explaining the Divergence

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