History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer
“Please remember, in granting separate electorates we are sowing the dragon’s teeth and the harvest will be bitter.” (Morley). Comment.
- UPSC 2009
- Constitutional Developments in Colonial India, 1858-1935
Written privately by Lord Morley, the Liberal Secretary of State for India, to Viceroy Lord Minto during the drafting of the 1909 reforms, this line is less a throwaway remark than a rare moment of imperial self-knowledge — a reformer conceding a principle he distrusted, and living to be proved right.
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What the full answer covers
- The Reluctant Reformer: Why Morley Conceded What He Distrusted
- The Immediate Bitterness: Entrenching a "Perpetual Minority"
- The Long Harvest: From Council Seats to Partition
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