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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

‘Please remember, in granting separate electorates, we are sowing dragon’s teeth the harvest will be bitter.’ Comment.

  • UPSC 1992
  • Constitutional Developments in Colonial India, 1858-1935

Written by John Morley, the Liberal Secretary of State, to Viceroy Minto even as he conceded the demand, this remark is a rare instance of a colonial policymaker confessing the long-term damage of his own decision.

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What the full answer covers

  • The Immediate Context of 1909
  • Why Morley Feared the "Bitter Harvest"
  • The Bitter Harvest Realised

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