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PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Comment: India’s opposition to the Non-Proliferation Treaty: A realist paradigm.

  • UPSC 2001
  • 20 marks
  • India and the Nuclear Question

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Realism holds that states in an anarchic system, with no authority above them, must provide for their own survival, and nuclear weapons are the ultimate instrument of self-help. Read this way, India's refusal of the NPT is not a moral protest but a state keeping its options open against nuclear-armed rivals. The paradigm explains the…

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What the full answer covers

  • The realist lens
  • India's opposition through that lens
  • Where the paradigm strains
  • Conclusion
PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions

PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions

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