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Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

“No society can either be absolutely open or absolutely closed.” Comment.

  • UPSC 2015
  • Stratification and Mobility

The statement restates a conclusion of Pitirim A. Sorokin in Social Mobility (1927): history shows neither strata that were entirely sealed nor movement that was entirely free. "Open" and "closed" are best read as ideal types in Max Weber's sense, the two ends of a continuum along which real societies vary.

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions.

What the full answer covers

  • Why no society is absolutely closed
  • Why no society is absolutely open
  • India as a mixed case
  • A qualification
  • Conclusion

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