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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

“Napoleon kindled the national sentiment, but German unity was achieved by Bismarck.” Discuss.

  • UPSC 2002
  • Nation-State System

This periodisation is broadly accurate but understates how much of Bismarck's later instrument was itself a Napoleonic legacy.

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What the full answer covers

  • Napoleon's Contribution: Kindling National Sentiment
  • The Limits of Napoleonic Nationalism
  • Bismarck: Turning Sentiment into a State
  • The Continuity Between the Two: Prussia's Own Napoleonic Debt

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