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PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Who was Mr. ‘X’ in international politics? Elaborate his approach to foreign policy.

  • UPSC 2014
  • 15 marks
  • Contemporary Global Concerns

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Mr. 'X' was George F. Kennan (1904–2005), the American diplomat who, as deputy chief of mission in Moscow, sent the "Long Telegram" of 22 February 1946 and then published "The Sources of Soviet Conduct" in Foreign Affairs (July 1947) under the signature "X", because he was by then a serving official. The article gave the…

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of the PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions.

What the full answer covers

  • The diagnosis: why the Soviet Union expands
  • The prescription: containment
  • The underlying approach: a realist of limits
  • Kennan versus "Kennanism"
  • Conclusion
PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions

PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions

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