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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

“Mohammad Ali combined ambition with perspicacity to a greater degree than any other Oriental ruler of the nineteenth century.” Comment in about 200 words.

  • UPSC 1985
  • Liberation from Colonial Rule

Mohammad Ali Pasha (r. 1805–1848), an Albanian Ottoman officer who seized power in Egypt amid the vacuum left by Napoleon's withdrawal, is widely regarded as the founder of modern Egypt.

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What the full answer covers

  • Ambition — The State-Building Project
  • Perspicacity — Reading the Balance of Power

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