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Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Modernisation presupposes class society; however, caste, ethnicity and race are still predominant. Explain.

  • UPSC 2019
  • Stratification and Mobility

Classical theory expected modernisation to replace ascription with achievement, so that birth-based hierarchies would give way to open, market-based classes. Yet caste, ethnicity and race remain central to how opportunities, identities and politics are organised. The reason is that modernisation reconstitutes these identities rather than dissolving them.

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions.

What the full answer covers

  • Why modernisation was expected to produce class society
  • Evidence of persistence
  • Explaining the paradox
  • Assessment
  • Conclusion

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