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PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Comment: ‘The mode of production in material life determines the general character of the social, political and spiritual problems of life’. (Karl Marx).

  • UPSC 1991
  • Political Ideologies

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The line comes from Karl Marx's Preface to A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy (1859), the most compressed statement of historical materialism. The standard modern translation reads: "The mode of production of material life conditions the general process of social, political and intellectual life." Marx's verb, bedingt, means "conditions"; the older English "determines"…

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PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions

PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions

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