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PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

“The history of all hitherto existing society is· the history of class struggle.” (Karl Marx) Comment.

  • UPSC 2003
  • Western Political Thought

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The sentence opens Section I of the Communist Manifesto (February 1848) by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Engels's footnote to the 1888 English edition narrowed it to "all written history", since research by August von Haxthausen, Georg Ludwig von Maurer and Lewis Henry Morgan had since revealed classless communal societies. The claim makes conflict over…

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  • What the Claim Means
  • Evidence For
  • Critique
  • Conclusion
PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions

PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions

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