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PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Comment in 150 words: Machiavelli’s secularism.

  • UPSC 2020
  • 10 marks
  • Western Political Thought

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Niccolò Machiavelli's secularism is not unbelief but the emancipation of political authority from ecclesiastical authority and theological standards. Where Marsilius of Padua (Defensor Pacis, 1324) had denied the papacy coercive power, Machiavelli went further and made the state's survival the sole measure of political action.

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What the full answer covers

  • Three Dimensions
  • What Kind of Secularism?
  • Significance and Limits
  • Conclusion
PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions

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