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Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack · Model answer

Integrated development of road and rail networks in a complementary framework is a prerequisite for regional development. Explain with reference to North-Eastern Region of India.

  • UPSC 2017
  • Transport, Communication and Trade

The modes divide by distance-cost structure: road carries a low fixed cost and a high per-kilometre running cost, rail the reverse. Road is therefore cheaper up to roughly 250 km and rail beyond 400-500 km — the two cost curves cross, and neither mode can occupy the other side of the crossing.

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of the Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack.

What the full answer covers

  • Why the two modes are complements, not substitutes
  • The North-Eastern Region — one corridor, one dependency
  • Why single-mode planning fails in this terrain
  • The external alternatives and their limits
  • Verdict

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