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PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Explain the instruments and methods devised for the promotion of national interest.

  • UPSC 2016
  • 20 marks
  • Key Concepts in International Relations

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An interest a state cannot pursue is only a wish. Securing the national interest is the core purpose of foreign policy and the usual test of its success, so states have built a graded set of means running from persuasion to coercion. Kautilya's four upayas (sama, dana, bheda, danda: conciliation, gifts, division, force) show the…

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What the full answer covers

  • The classical instruments (Palmer and Perkins)
  • Methods added since
  • What decides success
  • Conclusion
PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions

PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions

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