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PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Historical ties between India and Japan grew into a ‘special strategic and global partnership’. Comment.

  • UPSC 2025
  • 10 marks
  • India and the Global Centres of Power

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The Special Strategic and Global Partnership (SSGP) was proclaimed in the Tokyo Declaration of 1 September 2014 by Narendra Modi and Shinzo Abe. The statement is broadly true, but it compresses a long gap: history supplied trust and goodwill, while the upgrade came from structural convergence after 2000.

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What the full answer covers

  • The historical foundation
  • Why history alone was not enough
  • What turned goodwill into strategy
  • Conclusion
PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions

PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions

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