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PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Give us analysis of India’s Africa policy.

  • UPSC 1997
  • India and the Global South

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India's ties with Africa are ancient, carried by Indian Ocean trade, migration and Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi's two decades in South Africa. Its Africa policy, resourced and institutionalised, is much younger. Analysing it means separating stated principles, changing drivers, instruments, and the gap between promise and delivery.

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What the full answer covers

  • Principles
  • Phases
  • Drivers
  • Strengths
  • Weaknesses
  • Conclusion
PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions

PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions

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