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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

In what ways can the Megalithic culture be considered a foundational phase of the history of peninsular India?

  • UPSC 2014
  • Megalithic Cultures

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Calling the Megalithic culture "foundational" is not merely a chronological claim that it came before the early historic South — it is an argument that the structures of peninsular Indian life that endured for centuries afterward (settled agrarian villages, iron-based technology, craft specialization, exchange networks, and chiefly polities) first took recognizable shape in this Iron…

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What the full answer covers

  • The Shift to Settled, Agriculturally Anchored Life
  • Iron Technology as an Economic Watershed
  • Craft Specialization and Metallurgical Sophistication
  • The Beginnings of Trade Networks
  • Chiefdoms, Ranking, and the Road to the Sangam Polity
  • Cultural and Ritual Continuities
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