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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

“In spite of the careful framing of the Charter, the role of UNO as peacekeeper and international mediator has been somewhat lacklustre and muted and that continues to be so even after the end of Cold War.” Elucidate.

  • UPSC 2013
  • The World after World War II

The claim under examination is specifically about mediation — the UN's diplomatic effort to broker settlement between disputants — not merely its uniformed peacekeeping presence, and it makes a two-part assertion: that mediation underperformed during the Cold War, and that it kept underperforming after 1991.

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of the History Optional PYQ Master Pack.

What the full answer covers

  • Kashmir: mediation frozen since 1948
  • The Middle East: ceasefires without settlement
  • Cold War structural paralysis: Hungary and Czechoslovakia
  • Post-Cold War continuity: Rwanda and Bosnia
  • Qualified successes that complicate the claim

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