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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

How would you explain the major trends of the Swadeshi Movement in Bengal?

  • UPSC 2019
  • Early Indian Nationalism

The Swadeshi Movement, born out of the agitation against Lord Curzon's partition of Bengal (1905), was not a single homogeneous campaign but a movement that ran through several distinct, overlapping registers of protest between 1903 and 1908.

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What the full answer covers

  • The Moderate Trend: From Petitions to the Boycott Resolution (1903–1905)
  • Constructive Swadeshi: Atmashakti and the Politics of Self-Reliance
  • Political Extremism: Boycott as Mass Passive Resistance
  • Revolutionary Extremism: The Turn to Individual Terrorism
  • Limitations and Legacy

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