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Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack · Model answer

How migration is affected by push and pull factors? Explain how these factors play/ a role in understanding new settlement patterns.

  • UPSC 2022
  • Population and Settlement Geography

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Migration — a semi-permanent change of usual residence across an administrative boundary — is a decision taken against a field of forces, set out by Everett Lee (1966) as four sets: factors at origin, at destination, intervening obstacles, and personal factors.

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of the Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack.

What the full answer covers

  • Lee's Four-Factor Architecture of the Migration Decision
  • The push field at the origin
  • The pull field at the destination
  • Distance Decay, Step Migration and Expected Income
  • Squatter Settlements and Slums at the Contested Core
  • Peri-Urban Sprawl, Census Towns and Corridor Ribbons
  • …and 2 more sections, with a conclusion
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