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Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

How has colonial rule transformed Indian society? If it (Indian society) had not undergone colonial rule, then what type of Indian society would have been there? Elaborate.

  • UPSC 2026
  • Impact of Colonial Rule on Indian Society

The question has two clauses of unequal standing. The first is historical and answerable from evidence. The second is a counterfactual, which sociology can only discipline — by comparison with societies that escaped colonisation and with India's own internal exceptions.

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions.

What the full answer covers

  • What colonial rule actually transformed
  • Reasoning the counterfactual
  • Conclusion

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