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Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack · Model answer

How does the agricultural sector of India confront with the contemporary physical and politico-economic changes in the different regions of the country? Elucidate.

  • UPSC 2025
  • Agriculture

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Physical change is a variability problem, not a mean problem. Roxy Mathew Koll, Subimal Ghosh and co-workers showed that even as mean monsoon rainfall declined, widespread extreme rain events over central India tripled between 1950 and 2015, driven by a warming northern Arabian Sea. 2025 restated it — the wettest May since 1901, yet about…

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What the full answer covers

  • The Two Pressures, and Why They Fall Unevenly
  • North-West: Punjab, Haryana, Western Uttar Pradesh
  • Eastern Plains: Bihar, Eastern Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Odisha, Assam
  • Peninsular Dryland: Marathwada, Vidarbha, North Karnataka, Telangana, Rayalaseema
  • Coastal Belt: Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Kerala
  • Himalaya and North-East
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